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China
On estime que la Chine a été la première puissance économique mondiale durant la majeure partie des vingt derniers siècles. Jusqu'au XVIIIe siècle et la révolution industrielle, c'est également en Chine que l'on trouvait le niveau de vie le plus élevé de la planète66. C'est sous la dynastie Qing que le développement économique de la Chine commença à ralentir, alors que les pays occidentaux passaient lentement d'une société à dominante agraire à une société industrielle. En 1820, la Chine comptait pour 33 % du PIB mondial. Cette part était de 3,6 % en 2000 et de 17,8 % en 2019 selon le Center for Business and Economic Research.
En 2010, la Chine est devenue la deuxième puissance mondiale : le PIB de la Chine s'est élevé à 5 878,6 milliards de dollars en 2010, contre 5 472 milliards au Japon69. Ce développement effréné des activités économiques est davantage dû aux investissements et aux exportations qu'à la consommation intérieure. En décembre 2014, le Fonds monétaire international (FMI) annonce que le PIB de la république populaire de Chine sera cette année-là le plus élevé du monde en parité de pouvoir d'achat (PPA). D'après les données du FMI d'avril 2021, le PIB PPA de la Chine n'a toutefois dépassé celui des États-Unis qu'en 2017. En 2018, elle n’est cependant qu’au 85e rang mondial pour le PIB (PPA)/hab.
Le développement économique actuel de la Chine est l'un des plus rapides du monde, puisque l'on y enregistre une croissance dont la moyenne, en 25 ans, est de 9,8 % par an. Entre 1980 et 2007, le PIB a été multiplié par 12,7. En 2013, la croissance en Chine a atteint 7,7 %. La république populaire de Chine est membre de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) depuis le 11 décembre 2001. La croissance de la Chine est essentiellement tirée par les exportations. Leur montant a plus que doublé en quatre ans, pour atteindre plus de 1 000 milliards de dollars américains en 2009, ce qui fait de la Chine le premier exportateur mondial. L'essentiel de ce commerce se fait avec l'Union européenne (20,4 %), les États-Unis (17,7 %), Hong Kong (13,4 %) et le Japon (8,1 %). La balance commerciale de la Chine est excédentaire avec un grand nombre de pays. Les points forts des exportations chinoises sont le textile, les tracteurs, les montres et les jouets (85 % du marché mondial), les appareils photographiques et les ordinateurs portables (55 % du marché), les téléviseurs et les machines à laver (30 %), 15 % pour l'acier.
China is estimated to have been the world's largest economic power for most of the last twenty centuries. Until the 18th century and the industrial revolution, it was also in China that we found the highest standard of living on the planet66. It was under the Qing Dynasty that China's economic development began to slow, as Western countries slowly shifted from a predominantly agrarian society to an industrial society. In 1820, China accounted for 33% of world GDP. This share was 3.6% in 2000 and 17.8% in 2019 according to the Center for Business and Economic Research.
In 2010, China became the second world power: China's GDP amounted to $ 5,878.6 billion in 2010, compared to $ 5,472 billion in Japan69. This frantic development of economic activities is due more to investments and exports than to domestic consumption. In December 2014, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) announced that the GDP of the People's Republic of China would be the highest in the world in purchasing power parity (PPP) that year. According to IMF data from April 2021, however, China's PPP GDP did not exceed that of the United States until 2017. In 2018, however, it was only 85th in the world for GDP. (PPP) / inhab.
China's current economic development is one of the fastest in the world, with growth averaging 9.8% per year in 25 years. Between 1980 and 2007, the GDP increased by 12.7 times. In 2013, growth in China reached 7.7%. The People's Republic of China has been a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since December 11, 2001. China's growth is mainly driven by exports. Their amount has more than doubled in four years, reaching over US $ 1 trillion in 2009, making China the world's largest exporter. Most of this trade is done with the European Union (20.4%), the United States (17.7%), Hong Kong (13.4%) and Japan (8.1%). China's trade balance is in surplus with a large number of countries. The strong points of Chinese exports are textiles, tractors, watches and toys (85% of the world market), cameras and laptops (55% of the market), televisions and washing machines (30% ), 15% for steel.
In 2010, China became the second world power: China's GDP amounted to $ 5,878.6 billion in 2010, compared to $ 5,472 billion in Japan69. This frantic development of economic activities is due more to investments and exports than to domestic consumption. In December 2014, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) announced that the GDP of the People's Republic of China would be the highest in the world in purchasing power parity (PPP) that year. According to IMF data from April 2021, however, China's PPP GDP did not exceed that of the United States until 2017. In 2018, however, it was only 85th in the world for GDP. (PPP) / inhab.
China's current economic development is one of the fastest in the world, with growth averaging 9.8% per year in 25 years. Between 1980 and 2007, the GDP increased by 12.7 times. In 2013, growth in China reached 7.7%. The People's Republic of China has been a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since December 11, 2001. China's growth is mainly driven by exports. Their amount has more than doubled in four years, reaching over US $ 1 trillion in 2009, making China the world's largest exporter. Most of this trade is done with the European Union (20.4%), the United States (17.7%), Hong Kong (13.4%) and Japan (8.1%). China's trade balance is in surplus with a large number of countries. The strong points of Chinese exports are textiles, tractors, watches and toys (85% of the world market), cameras and laptops (55% of the market), televisions and washing machines (30% ), 15% for steel.